A Complete Guide to Forage Types in Modern Farming

 A Complete Guide to Forage Types in Modern Farming

Manure is a material used to fertilize the soil, often containing manure and animal urine, with or without other materials such as grass, straw or bedding. Livestock and poultry farmers have used feed as fertilizers, air conditioners, energy sources and even building materials. Food contains many valuable and recyclable materials, including nutrients, organic matter, solids, energy and fiber.

The three main types of compost are green manure, garden manure and compost. Green fertilizer

Green grasses are crops that are planted to promote and maintain fertility and soil structure, although they can also perform other functions. Generally, they are returned to the soil immediately or after being removed from the compost. Grasses such as vetch, clover, beans and peas, as well as grasses such as annual ryegrass, oats, rapeseed and buckwheat, are examples of green grasses.

Since farming continues to deplete essential nutrients and organic matter from the soil, it is important to add nutrients that can replenish and preserve soil fertility. A green diet is one way to do this.

Green food is produced by adding plants to the soil. As they decompose, green manures improve the soil by adding organic matter and, to a lesser extent, nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium.

Green grass comes from crops that are planted in a plot of land and buried in the ground when they start to grow. Stem rotting of roots, leaves and grass results in the release of plant food and organic matter they have.

Although any crop such as corn, sorghum and grass can use green grass, cereals such as beans, peanuts, clover, alfalfa, cowpeas and species of Desmodium (Silver Leaf Desmodium or Green Leaf Desmodium) are still is preferred. This interest comes from the fact that these plants receive nodular bacteria that can fix nitrogen from the air. In addition, green food visit the carpet of organic matter. Note: It is recommended that growers include green crops in the rotation every 5 or 6 years.

Benefits of using green grass

Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed in the soil when crops are used. The nutrients and humus content of the soil increases, which supports the presence of beneficial microorganisms. This, in turn, causes decay and the release of nutrients from the plant. What is obtained from green food increases ventilation, water absorption and absorption.
Green grass leads to higher yields than soil that does not receive fertilizer. Advantages of using green grass

One of the main challenges in using green grass is to get farmers to grow food specifically for their burial grounds.
When plants grow until they are strong and strong, it may not break them down easily, especially from microorganisms. Therefore, bacteria can consume most of the fixed nitrogen during the decomposition process.
In some cases, green crops require a lot of water, leaving more money for the next crop. Mechanical methods are often required to insert the green plants into the soil properly, making the process difficult without proper equipment.

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Strategies to improve soil health and fertility

Food Farming (F.Y.M.) or food

Farm manure (FYM) is a mixture of excrement, urine, litter and residues from animal feed such as grass and animal feed. Like green manure and compost, garden fertilizers are classified as organic fertilizers. It is produced from animal waste (nurse and urine) and decomposed crops such as elephant grass, Guatemala grass and corn. Animal bedding can also remain in the garden, contributing to the production of garden food. As a result, this food is produced around animals that are fed indoors, especially in a free-range environment. The process of making agricultural food

Collect cow dung and urine, make sure it forms a uniform layer under a simple roof to protect it from excess water and sunlight. If the mixture is too dry, add more food, urine and a little water. In a covered house, put the plant on the plant floor. After the animals are cooked, mix the material with urine and feces. After about 6 months, remove the mixture from the lid and create a pile outside. 

To prevent the loss of food in the rain, it is recommended to cover the pile with soil and put it on the ground.

Compact the pile to keep water out and prevent mold from blowing. Allow the meat to dry completely before using.

Use of farm food

It provides the necessary resources to maintain soil fertility. It provides plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are important for plant growth and development.
It encourages and feeds the microbes that destroy the produce. Farm grass improves soil structure and is used as a natural fertilizer in agriculture.
This allows the soil to hold water and other nutrients. It increases the microbial activity of the soil to improve the supply of minerals and nutrients to plants.

Factors affecting the quality of farm food

Animal type: Fatty animals have a higher nutritional value than young or dairy animals, because the latter produce more phosphorus in their diet. In addition, non-vegetarian animals, such as pigs, absorb fewer nutrients from their diet, resulting in increased nutrient toxicity.

Type of food consumed: The mineral content of food affects the nutritional value of food. Therefore, foods that are rich in minerals and proteins produce high-quality nutrients, making garden foods more nutritious than starchy foods.

The type of bed used: grass or grass used for food and sleeping material is eventually broken down by microbes, leaving its food as plant matter. Different types of beds produce different things: wood shavings and sawdust, as it decomposes quickly, provides less nutrients and can absorb urine of one and a half times its weight. them. Corn starch contains about 1 percent potassium oxide and absorbs two and a half times its weight in the urine. On the other hand, elephant grass provides both phosphorus and nitrogen but has low yield potential.

Conservation measures: Improper farm food storage can lead to significant losses of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, when exposed to the atmosphere without proper care. These soluble nutrients can be washed away by rainwater. To avoid this, it is advisable to lay the garden food on compacted soil, create a pile of food with vertical sides and build a house on top. Seasonal Farm Food: Well-rotted food not only has a higher level of nutrients, but is also easier to handle and mix into the soil than fresh food. Therefore, it is very important to allow enough time for the farm food to completely decompose before use. Compost food

Compost is an organic fertilizer made from grass, plant residues, kitchen waste and food waste. Its main purpose is to provide organic matter to the soil, improve soil structure and provide important crops. In addition, it plays an important role in promoting the presence of microorganisms in the soil, important for the microbial reduction of plants and animals.

Ingredients for composting include a good balance of the following:

Materials that contain carbon can include dry leaves, grass and twigs. Nitrogen-containing materials include grass clippings and food waste.
Water (humidity). Air (oxygen).

Methods for composting

Indore Method: The Indore method of composting was developed in Indore, India. This process involves piling the material to be placed in a pit 1.2m wide, 1.2m long and 60cm deep. The first layer, which is half a meter deep, contains fresh material such as straw, kitchen waste or grain. This layer is then covered with cow dung, old compost or garden waste to introduce microbes that break down the new material. The thickness of this layer is 50 mm. In addition, active fertilizers such as simple superphosphate and muriate of potash are added to improve the nutrient content of the compost.

Nitrogen fertilizers are not applied because they tend to leach easily. Next to the second layer, a layer is added that contains microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of plants and animals.

The same process is repeated until the pit is full. To keep it moist during the dry season, water is applied. Once pits II, III and IV are full, material is transferred from pit IV to pit V; material from Pit III to Pit IV; material from Pit II to Pit III, and material from Pit I to Pit II. This process is repeated over and over until the original material is completely broken down and ready to be used as compost in the field. 

Step II: Formation of the compost pile

This process involves the use of four piles to produce composted manure.

In this process, four or seven piles are used. The material used in each platform is the same as described above. If four piles are used, the item is first placed in the pile labeled X. After 3 to 4 weeks, the compost is transferred to the Y pile. 3 to 4 weeks later, the compost is transferred to the Z pile. It stays there for another 3 to 4 weeks before it is taken to the field as compost.

Conclusion

Finally, forage, including green grass, hay and compost, provides many benefits for soil fertility and agricultural production. Green grasses, such as grasses and weeds, replenish nutrients and nutrients in the soil through decomposition, leading to healthy soil structure, increased crop production and nitrogen fixation. .

Farm manure, a mixture of animal waste and plant residues, provides organic matter, plant nutrients and microbial activity, thus improving soil fertility and water retention capacity. Compost food, made from various organic materials, contributes to the health, structure and nutrition of the soil, promoting the presence of beneficial microorganisms.